动名词的用法

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动名词的用法

动名词的用法
动名词的用法

动名词的用法
A.作句子的主语
句型 V-ing…+V…
例A:Smoking is a bad habit.
(吸烟是坏习惯.)
例B:taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.
(每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康.)
例C:It isn't easy trying to please her.
(想办法讨好她是不容易的.)
解说 动名词作主语用时是属于第三人称单数,因此要取单数形式动词.例C是表示动名词也可用“It…”的句式来表达.
B.作主语补语
句型 S+be+V-ing…
例A:My favorite sport is swimming.
(我最喜爱的运动是游泳.)
例B:Her only desire is studying music.
(她的唯一的愿望就是学音乐.)
C.作直按宾语
句型 S+Vt.+V-ing
例A:I enjoy watching TV news after supper.
(晚饭后我喜爱看电视新闻.)
例B:You'd better stop smoking.
(你最好把烟戒掉了.)
例C:It began raining heavily when we got there.
(我们到达那里时,开始下起大雨来了.)
例D:I remember seeing her somewhere before.
(我记得以前在什么地方见过她.)
例E:Do you mind mailing this letter for me
(替我寄这封信你介意吗?)
解说 英语的Vt.取直接宾语时,有的习惯上要取不定式,有的则要取动名词,有的则取不定式或动名词皆可,表达的意思大致相同,但是也有些表达的意思不相同,现分别介绍如下:
①Vt.+V-ing …(习惯上取动名词为直接宾语)(如例A、B)
admit(承认),advise(劝告),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),
escape(脱逃),finish(做完),keep (on) (持续),practice(练习),quit(停止),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),stand(忍受——否定句),stop(停止),understand(了解),etc .
注:请注意下面两句表达上的差别:
例:He stopped smoking.(他停止吸烟了.)
例:He stopped to smoke.(他抽起烟来了.)
第二句是“He stopped doing something and began to smoke.”的意思.
②Vt.+V-ing…/to V…(动名词或不定式皆可,表达的意思大致相同.)(如例C)
begin(开始),cease(停止),continue(继续),fear(恐惧),start(开始),etc.
③Vt.+V-ing…/to V…(可取动名词,也可取不定式,但表达的意思不相同或用法不相同.)(如例D)
dislike(不喜欢),forget(忘却),hate(讨厌;恨),like(喜欢),love(爱;喜欢),need(需要),remember(记得),try(尝试),want(需要),etc.
注:本项所说的表达意义不同或用法不同,请参考词典,这里仅以“remember,”和“want”为例提供参考例句如下:
I remember seeing her somewhere before.
(我记得以前在什么地方见过她.)
I remember to see her tomorrow.
(我会记得明天去看她.)
由上例可知“remember +V-ing…”是指“对过去所做过的事记得”的意思,而“remember +to V…”是指“对将来的某一件事会记得去做”的意思.
Do you want to paint to door?
(你要油漆门吗?—“want”的意思是“要,欲”)
The door wants painting.
(这一道门需要油漆了.—“want”的意思是“需要”,即“need”,而“painting”所表达的意思是“to be painted”.)
例E的“mind +V-ing…?”通常是指说话者要请对方“来做……”的意思,若是说话者自己要做而在征求对方的同意时则使用“mind +my +V-ing…”的句式.
例:Do you mind opening the windows?
(请你把窗打开,你介意吗?)
Certainly not.(当然不介意.)
例:Do you mind me [my] smoking
(你会介意我吸烟吗?)
No,please do.请便.)
“mind +V-ing”也可用于表达否定.
例:I don't mind being found going out with him.
(我不在乎被人看到和他一同出去.)
D.作介词的宾语
句型prep.+V-ing…
例A:He drove away without saying good-by.
(他没说再见就开了车走了.)
例B:It is not easy to make a living by writing .
(靠写作谋生是不容易的.)
例C:It is polite to knock before entering a room.
=It is…before one enters a room.
(进入房间之前敲门是一种礼貌.)
解说 如例C,因“before”也可作连词用,所以动名词部分可改以从句来表达.其他如“after,since”也可以仿照例C来表达.

A.作句子的主语
句型 V-ing…+V…
例A:Smoking is a bad habit.
(吸烟是坏习惯。)
例B:taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.
(每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康。)
例C:It isn't easy trying to please he...

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A.作句子的主语
句型 V-ing…+V…
例A:Smoking is a bad habit.
(吸烟是坏习惯。)
例B:taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.
(每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康。)
例C:It isn't easy trying to please her.
(想办法讨好她是不容易的。)
解说 动名词作主语用时是属于第三人称单数,因此要取单数形式动词。例C是表示动名词也可用“It…”的句式来表达。
B.作主语补语
句型 S+be+V-ing…
例A:My favorite sport is swimming.
(我最喜爱的运动是游泳。)
例B:Her only desire is studying music.
(她的唯一的愿望就是学音乐。)
C.作直按宾语
句型 S+Vt. +V-ing

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表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
一、什么是表语 在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上...

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表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
一、什么是表语 在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。 Albert Einstein was a famous professor of physics. 阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是一位有名的物理学家。
更具体的可以到百科里去看.

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A.作句子的主语
句型 V-ing…+V…
例A:Smoking is a bad habit.
(吸烟是坏习惯。)
例B:taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.
(每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康。)
例C:It isn't easy trying to please he...

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A.作句子的主语
句型 V-ing…+V…
例A:Smoking is a bad habit.
(吸烟是坏习惯。)
例B:taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.
(每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康。)
例C:It isn't easy trying to please her.
(想办法讨好她是不容易的。)
解说 动名词作主语用时是属于第三人称单数,因此要取单数形式动词。例C是表示动名词也可用“It…”的句式来表达。
B.作主语补语
句型 S+be+V-ing…
例A:My favorite sport is swimming.
(我最喜爱的运动是游泳。)
例B:Her only desire is studying music.
(她的唯一的愿望就是学音乐。)
C.作直按宾语
句型 S+Vt. +V-ing
例A:I enjoy watching TV news after supper.
(晚饭后我喜爱看电视新闻。)
例B:You'd better stop smoking.
(你最好把烟戒掉了。)
例C:It began raining heavily when we got there.
(我们到达那里时,开始下起大雨来了。)
例D:I remember seeing her somewhere before.
(我记得以前在什么地方见过她。)
例E:Do you mind mailing this letter for me ?
(替我寄这封信你介意吗?)
解说 英语的Vt. 取直接宾语时,有的习惯上要取不定式,有的则要取动名词,有的则取不定式或动名词皆可,表达的意思大致相同,但是也有些表达的意思不相同,现分别介绍如下:
①Vt. +V-ing …(习惯上取动名词为直接宾语)(如例A、B)
admit(承认),advise(劝告),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),
escape(脱逃),finish(做完),keep (on) (持续),practice(练习),quit(停止),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),stand(忍受——否定句),stop(停止),understand(了解),etc .
注:请注意下面两句表达上的差别:
例:He stopped smoking. (他停止吸烟了。)
例:He stopped to smoke. (他抽起烟来了。)
第二句是“He stopped doing something and began to smoke. ”的意思。
②Vt. +V-ing…/to V…(动名词或不定式皆可,表达的意思大致相同。)(如例C)
begin(开始),cease(停止),continue(继续),fear(恐惧),start(开始),etc.
③Vt. +V-ing…/to V…(可取动名词,也可取不定式,但表达的意思不相同或用法不相同。)(如例D)
dislike(不喜欢),forget(忘却),hate(讨厌;恨),like(喜欢),love(爱;喜欢),need(需要),remember(记得),try(尝试),want(需要),etc.
注:本项所说的表达意义不同或用法不同,请参考词典,这里仅以“remember,”和“want”为例提供参考例句如下:
I remember seeing her somewhere before.
(我记得以前在什么地方见过她。)
I remember to see her tomorrow.
(我会记得明天去看她。)
由上例可知“remember +V-ing…”是指“对过去所做过的事记得”的意思,而“remember +to V…”是指“对将来的某一件事会记得去做”的意思。
Do you want to paint to door?
(你要油漆门吗?—“want”的意思是“要,欲”)
The door wants painting.
(这一道门需要油漆了。—“want”的意思是“需要”,即“need”,而“painting”所表达的意思是“to be painted”。)
例E的“mind +V-ing…?”通常是指说话者要请对方“来做……”的意思,若是说话者自己要做而在征求对方的同意时则使用“mind +my +V-ing…”的句式。
例:Do you mind opening the windows?
(请你把窗打开,你介意吗?)
Certainly not. (当然不介意。)
例:Do you mind me [my] smoking ?
(你会介意我吸烟吗?)
No, please do. (不会的,请便。)
“mind +V-ing”也可用于表达否定。
例:I don't mind being found going out with him.
(我不在乎被人看到和他一同出去。)
D.作介词的宾语
句型prep. +V-ing…
例A:He drove away without saying good-by.
(他没说再见就开了车走了。)
例B:It is not easy to make a living by writing .
(靠写作谋生是不容易的。)
例C:It is polite to knock before entering a room.
=It is…before one enters a room.
(进入房间之前敲门是一种礼貌。)
解说 如例C,因“before”也可作连词用,所以动名词部分可改以从句来表达。其他如“after, since”也可以仿照例C来表达。
参考文献:http://homepage.zsedu.net/res/juniorenglish/grammar/21cn/j_fei_026_2/gerundusing.htm

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动名词:
1.动名词的复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
2.句法功能:(1)作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。
当动名词短语作主语时用it作形式主语。It's no use quarr...

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动名词:
1.动名词的复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
2.句法功能:(1)作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。
当动名词短语作主语时用it作形式主语。It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语: The queen's job is laying eggs. 蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。
[agree to ,object to, close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to]
动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语: [enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like ]
4)作定语: He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。

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动名词的语法功能相当于名词。跟其他的名词一样,可以做句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语。
具体用法参见楼上几位所拷贝的内容。

动名词在句中起名词的作用,可以充当主语、表语、宾语(动词宾语或介词宾语)。它可以有自己的定语、宾语或状语。
1)动名词作主语
Seeing is believing. Talking mends no holes.Taking a cold shower every morning does him a lot good.____in an atmosphere of si...

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动名词在句中起名词的作用,可以充当主语、表语、宾语(动词宾语或介词宾语)。它可以有自己的定语、宾语或状语。
1)动名词作主语
Seeing is believing. Talking mends no holes.Taking a cold shower every morning does him a lot good.____in an atmosphere of simply living was what her parents wished for. (CET-4 1999,1)
A) The girl to be educated
B) The girl educated
C) The girl's being educated
D) The girl was educated
动名词和不定式都可以做主语。不定式做主语表示具体的动作,动名词做主语则可以表示抽象或一般性的动作或情况。根据句意,这个女孩在朴素的生活环境中接受教育是她的父母所希望的,接受教育不是具体的一次性动作,因此用动名词,答案为C。当动名词做主语时,我们常用先行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语动名词放到句尾,特别要注意如下结构:It is useless (no use, no good, no harm) doing... It is a waste of time doing... It is worthwhile doing...
【例如】
It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him.It is no good leaving today's work for tomorrow.
2)动名词作动词宾语动名词作动词宾语是大学英语四级考试的重要内容。
a)英语中有些动词后面只能跟动名词作它的宾语。这类动词常见的有:admit, advice, anticipate, appreciate, avoid,consider, delay,deny,dislike, enjoy,escape,excuse, fancy,favor, finish,imagine,include , keep, mind,miss, postpone, practise,prevent , propose, resist, risk, suggest等。
【例如】
Mike often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.The doctor suggested that I avoid smoking and drinking for a month.Would you mind opening the window?The murderer denied killing the rich man.I would appreciate ____it a secret. (CET-4 1995,6)
A) your keeping B) you to keep
C) that you keep D) that you will keep
appreciate后面一般加动名词做宾语,动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语,因此答案为A。
That young guy still denies____the fire behind the store. (CET-4 2000,12)
A) to start B)shavingsstarted
C) start D) to have started
Deny后面加动名词作宾语,而且引发火灾是在否认这一动做之前,所以用动名词的完成式,答案为B。
b)动名词在demand, deserve, need, require, want等动词后面作宾语时,表示被动的意思。
【例如】
My shoes need mending.The following language points deserve mentioning.This matter demands discussing.Your hair wants ____. You had better have it done now. (CET-4 1997, 1)
A) cut B) to cut
C) cutting D) being cut
Want, need, require等动词后经常加动名词做宾语,表示被动的意思,故答案为C。
c)有些短语动词和结构后面也要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的短语动词常见的有:feel like,give up,go on,object/objection to,put off,keep on,insist on,leave off,look forward to,think of, can't help, be/get used to, spend...in , have difficulty in, have trouble/a hard time in, there be no need, confess to等。
【例如】
Do you feel like going out for dinner with me tonight?Chinese people are looking forward to holding the 27th Olympic games.I am used to going to bed late and getting up late.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ____late for his lecture. (CET-4 1998,1)
A) to have students B) for students' being C) for students to be D) to students' being
be/get used to doing表示习惯于干什么,是固定用法,因此答案为D。
I have no objection____ your story again. (CET-4 2000,6)
A) to hear B) to hearing
C) toshavingsheard D) to have heard
object/objection to doing是固定用法,因此A和D可以排除。动名词的完成式表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前,而句中听的动作还没有进行,因此用动名词的一般式,答案为B。
d)有些动词既可以加动名词,又可以加不定式,两者在意义上有差别。这些动词有:forget, like, remember, regret, try等。forget to do:忘记去做某事,还没有做。
【例如】
Don't forget to take an umbrella when you go out.forget doing:忘了做过某事。
【例如】
I'll never forget ____you for the first time. (CET-4 2000,12)
A) to meet B) to have met
C) meeting D)shavingsto be meetig
forget to do表示忘记去做某事,还没有做。forget doing表示忘了做过某事。根据句意:我永远不会忘记第一次遇到你,遇到的动作已经发生,应选择动名词,答案为C.remember to do:记住去做某事,还没有做。
【例如】
I will remember to write to you often.If I had remembered ____the window, the thief would not have got in.(CET-4 1996,1)
A) to close B) closing
C) to have closed D)shavingsclosed
remember to do表示记得要做某事,还没有做。根据句意,如果我记得去关窗户,小偷就不会进来,窗户很明显没有关,所以用不定式,答案为A。remember doing:记得做过某事。
【例如】
I remembered putting my wallet in the bag, but I could not find it.
regret to do:遗憾做某事,经常用:regret to say
【例如】
I regret to say that I can't accept your invitation.
regret doing:后悔做过某事。
【例如】
I regret notshavingstaken your advice.
try to do:尽力做某事。
【例如】
One should try to do everything well.
try doing:试着做某事。【例如】
I tried cooking, but I failed.
3)动名词作介词宾语
动名词作介词宾语,并且和介词构成介词短语。
【例如】
She left without saying anything to us.Man's dream of landing on the moon came true in1968.I am afraid of being punished by the teacher.Ann never dreams of ____for her to be sent abroad very soon.(CET-4 1998,6)
A) there being a chance B) there to be
C) there be a chance D) being a chance
of为介词,后面接动名词做宾语,因此B和C都可以排除。另外,根据句意:安妮从来没有梦想过她有一个很快被送出国的机会,介词后面含有“有”的意思,用there be结构表达,故正确答案为A.

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