英语翻译Although Seebeckobserved thermoelectric phenomena in 1821 and Altenkirch defined the ZT equation in 1911,ittook several decades to develop the first functioning devices in the 1950s and1960s.4 They are now called the firstgeneration therm

英语翻译Although Seebeckobserved thermoelectric phenomena in 1821 and Altenkirch defined the ZT equation in 1911,ittook several decades to develop the first functioning devices in the 1950s and1960s.4 They are now called the firstgeneration therm
英语翻译
Although Seebeckobserved thermoelectric phenomena in 1821 and Altenkirch defined the ZT equation in 1911,ittook several decades to develop the first functioning devices in the 1950s and1960s.4 They are now called the firstgeneration thermoelectrics with an average ZT of 1.0,and devices madeof them can operate at 4–6% conversion efficiency.Following several moredecades of stagnancy,new theoretical ideas relating to size effects on thethermoelectric properties in the 1990’s stimulated new experimental researchthat eventually led to significant advances in the following decade.Althoughthe theoretical ideas were originally about predictions on raising the powerfactor,the experimental breakthroughs were achieved by significantlydecreasing the (lattice) thermal conductivity.1,2,5–8 Among a wide variety of research approaches,one hasemerged,which has led to a near doubling of the ZT at high temperaturesand has defined the second generation of bulk thermoelectric materials with ZT in the range of 1.3–1.7.This approach uses nanoscale precipitates and compositional inhomogeneities todramatically suppress the lattice thermal conductivity.1,2,7,9,10 These second generation materials are expected toproduce power generation devices with conversion efficiencies of 11–15%.
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英语翻译Although Seebeckobserved thermoelectric phenomena in 1821 and Altenkirch defined the ZT equation in 1911,ittook several decades to develop the first functioning devices in the 1950s and1960s.4 They are now called the firstgeneration therm
虽然Seebeck在1821年观察到了热电现象,而且Altenkirch在1911年就定义了ZT方程,但是到1950年代和1960年代开发出第一个功能器件还是花了几十年的时间.[4].它们现在被称为
第一代热电元件,平均ZT约1.0,用它们制成的器件可以以4～6%的转换效率工作.经过几十年的停滞不前,关于尺寸对热电性质的影响的新的理论概念于1990年的仿真新实验研究导致了后来十年的重大进展.虽然这些理论概念原来是关于对提高功率因子的预测的,但是因为明显降低了（晶格）的热导率,实验实现了突破[1,2,5-8].在名目繁多的研究方法中
涌现出了一种方法,这种方法导致了在高温下几乎翻倍的ZT值,而且已定义为第二代块料热电材料.其ZT的范围在1.1.7.这种方法采用纳米规模的析出物和组分不同质,从而大大抑制了晶格的热导率.[1,2,7,9,10].这些第二代的材料可望生产出转换效率达到11～15%的发电器件.

虽然塞贝克发现热电现象在1821年和Altenkirch定义的ZT式于1911年，ittook几十年的发展，在20世纪50年代的第一个功能设备and1960s.4他们现在被称为第一代热电与平均ZT〜1.0，和设备制成它们可以在〜4-6％的转换效率进行操作。经过数十年停滞的，关于在1990年的热电性能尺寸效应新理论思想激发新的实验研究，最终导致了在接下来的十年显著的进步。...

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虽然塞贝克发现热电现象在1821年和Altenkirch定义的ZT式于1911年，ittook几十年的发展，在20世纪50年代的第一个功能设备and1960s.4他们现在被称为第一代热电与平均ZT〜1.0，和设备制成它们可以在〜4-6％的转换效率进行操作。经过数十年停滞的，关于在1990年的热电性能尺寸效应新理论思想激发新的实验研究，最终导致了在接下来的十年显著的进步。Althoughthe理论观点最初是关于提高功率因数的预测，实验的突破是由显著降低（格子）热conductivity.1,2,5-8在各种各样的研究方法，一是hasemerged，这导致实现了ZT的高temperaturesand增加了近一倍定义的第二代散装热电材料的ZT在1.3-1.7.This方法的范围内使用的纳米级的析出物和成分不均匀todramatically抑制晶格热conductivity.These第二代材料预计toproduce发电装置用的11-15％的转化效率。

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